Word of the Day: Akrasia

Akrasia (literally, "bad mixture") is the state of acting against one's better judgment; i.e., weakness of the will. This concept is fundamentally illogical. One might argue--as Socrates did, via Plato's Protagoras--that if a person understands fully the impact of his actions, the course he ends up choosing will be the "right" course, q.e.d.

The subject of will, free or otherwise, is such a can of worms I don't even know why I'm discussing it here. I've been struggling with the issue of hard vs. soft determinism since I was eighteen, and it gives me a headache even to think about thinking about it. So I'm not going to start talking about Aristotle's critique of the Socratic position, or Nietzsche's, or Spinoza's, or anyone else's. I'm quite sure, in any case, that some utilitarian or pragmatist will be unable to resist weighing in with his position, effectively doing my job for me.

I think the concept can best be approached by a consideration of long-term vs. short-term gains. Lots of competing desires have to get factored into the making of even the simplest decision, and at any given point one or another may be dominant for a variety of reasons. For example, I know that, in the long run, eating a healthy diet is the "best" course of action. A pint of Haagen-Dazs, on the other hand, will satisfy me in the short run. Short-term goals are in my face; they clamor for attention.

Edgar Allan Poe, one of my favorite favorite authors, personifies akrasia brilliantly as "the imp of the perverse." It's this imp that causes us, while looking over a precipice, to contemplate jumping off, or while handling a sharp knife, to contemplate stabbing ourselves or another. Who hasn't had these frightening, unbidden thoughts at some point? He also describes vividly my personal bête noire, procrastination. Why am I playing freecell when I have a deadline fast approaching? A deadline on an article so well-paid that it will take care of my mortgage and almost everything else for the month, and which is not even a difficult assignment? Why, in fact, am I posting to my blog at this moment instead of working??

Word of the Day:Eudæmonology

The subject of Arthur Schopenhauer's Essays is, in his words, the wisdom of life. This he defines as the art of ordering our lives so as to obtain the greatest possible amount of pleasure and success. The theory of this art he calls eudæmonology. Eudæmonology, he says, teaches us how to lead a happy existence.

I'm all for that, so I find myself reading the essays of Schopenhauer with great interest. Unfortunately, my knowledge of German is limited to words and phrases useful in the cataloging of books, so I'm reduced to reading him in translation. Worse, I have one of those early-twentieth-century editions that doesn't even bother to record the name of the translator. But that's not enough to dissuade me.

Schopenhauer begins with the Aristotelian division of the blessings of life into three categories: what a man is, what a man has, and how a man is viewed by others. The latter two he promptly dispenses with as being minor and mutable. If a man is by nature cheerful, he feels, he will make the best of what little he has; whereas, if he is by nature melancholy or a "dull blockhead," he will never be happy no matter how much he possesses or how famous he becomes.

I personally could be happy watching a caterpillar cross the road for three hours. Maybe that makes me a "dull blockhead"...but I prefer to think that I have a rich inner life, an extremely sensitive nature, and the ability to wring the last drop of sweetness from life. A veritable "A" student of eudæmonology, although until just this week I never knew it.